Conjunctions

 Conjunctions

Dependent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and verb but

does not express a complete thought it cannot be a sentence.

Independent clause is a group of words that contains a subject and a predicate

can stand by itself as a simple sentence.

Clause is a group of words that includes a subject and a predicate.

Subject is a noun

Predicate is typically a verb

What are Conjunctions?

Conjunctions are word use to connect two or more words, phrases, or clauses together.

To connect two sentences to each other, we need some words to link them without breaking the structure of the sentences.

There are Three Different Types of Conjunctions:

1. Coordinating conjunctions use to combine two independent clauses

·         for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so For Example: Both dogs and cats are lovely animals.

2. Subordinating conjunctions use to connect a dependent clause to an independent clause.

·         after, although, as, because, before, if, once, since, though, unless, when, where, whether For Example: She will not come unless you invite her.

3. Correlative conjunctions are pairs of words that connect other parts of a sentence.

·         either...or, neither...nor, both...and, not only...but also, whether...or

For Example: She likes both singing and dancing.

What Are Coordinating Conjunctions?

Coordinating conjunctions are words that combine two independent clauses

• We have seven coordinating conjunctions: for, and, nor, but, or, yet, so

For is used to explain a reason or purpose for something.

For Example: I love taking long walks, for it is refreshing and good for my health.

And is used to add

For Example: Both dogs and cats are lovely animals.

Nor is used to join two negative ideas together in a sentence.

For Example: Neither meat nor vegetable is on the table.

But is used to compare, to point out the differences

For Example: The princess has a beautiful face but a cruel heart.

Or is used to express a choice or an alternative

For Example: Are you guys having a boy or a girl?

Yet is used to show unlikeness or differences that already known.

For Example: The food is bad smells yet delicious.

So is used to indicate a cause and effect relationship between the two clauses.

For Example: They were out of coffee, so they decided to buy some.

Exercises:

DIRECTION: Study each coordinating conjunctions words list in the box.

Choose the correct coordinating conjunctions to complete each sentence.

for        and      nor       but       or         yet       so

1.       Would you rather have cheese ___ ham on your sandwich?

2.       His two favorite sports are football ___ tennis.

3.       I am allergic to cats, ___ I have three of them.

4.       I wanted to go to the beach ___ Lisa refused.

5.       I am a vegetarian ___ I don’t eat any meat.

What Are Subordinating Conjunctions?

Subordinating conjunctions are words use to connect a dependent clause to an independent clause.

Subordinating conjunctions such as:

after, although, as, because, before, if, once, since, though, unless, when, where, whether

The subordinating conjunctions are used to express:

Cause and effect means reason and result (because, since, as, due to, as if)

Example: Bats come out at night (effect) because they are nocturnal (cause).

Concession and Contrast to be compromise (Although, Though, Whether, While, Even though)

Example: Though she gave no signs, I was sure she was mad at me. 

Condition exceptions that must be met (If, Unless, As long as, Assuming that, In case)

Example: She will come over unless there is heavy traffic.

Time to indicate a transition in time (Before, After, Once, When, While)

Example: I will call you when the class is finished.

Place describe the relationship between locations (Where, Wherever, Everywhere, Anywhere)

Example: I will meet you where we first met.

Exercises:

DIRECTION: Complete the following sentences using appropriate subordinating conjunctions given in the parenthesis.

1. The children were happy _______ the show began. (when, as, while)

2. This is the place _______ the accident occurred. (there, when, where)

3. _______ he worked hard, he couldn’t win the first prize. (Though, Despite, However)

4. I will go _______ he forbids me. (if, even if, even as)

5. She will not come _______ you invite her. (if, unless, whether)

What is Correlative conjunctions?

Correlative conjunctions are pairs of words that connect other parts of a sentence.

Here are the most common ones:

as many, as	either, or	no sooner, than	so, that
as much, as	hardly, when	not only, but (also)	such, that
as, as	if, then	not, but	the, the
barely, when	just as, so	rather, than	what with, and
both, and	neither, nor	scarcely, when	whether, or

·         Examples: He is not only strong but brave also.

Whether you earn a higher or get a lower grade, do your best.

[Each conjunction is followed by a verb]

Both John and Bill are excellent tennis players. 

[conjunction is followed by a noun]

Exercises:

DIRECTION: Combine the following using appropriate paired conjunctions:

both ... and      not only ... but also                 either ... or      neither ... nor

 

1. Snakes are reptiles. Lizards are reptiles too.
_______________________________

2. Gloria couldn’t ride a bicycle when she was a child. She can’t drive a car now.
_______________________________
 
3. The flight was long. The seats were uncomfortable.
_______________________________

 

Underline the correlative conjunctions used in each sentence. 

1. The teacher not only left the classroom, but also slammed the door.

2. Neither my mom nor my dad graduated from college.

3. You have to keep the car as close to the curb as possible.

4. We cannot decide whether we should go to France or Italy.

5. It’s not about how much money you have but how you spend it.

6. Both my cousin and my grandma love to eat shrimp and grits.